ABSTRACT
Aim To compare the protective effects of gastrodin and melatonin on methamphetamine ( MA )-induced neurotoxicity of cortical neurons. Methods Cortical neuron cells were treated with different concentrations of methamphetamine for 24 h, then the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 kit to choose the optimal concentration of MA. The cells were treated with different concentrations of gastrodin or melatonin 2 h before the treatment of cells with optimal concentration of MA for 24 h. The optimal concentrations of gastrodin and melatonin were determined by CCK-8 kit as well. Cortical neuron cells were randomly divided into con trol group, MA group, gastrodin plus MA group, and melatonin plus MA group. Then the apoptotic rate of cells was detected by TUNEL method . The expression of Caspase-3 in cells was assessed by immunofluorescence. Results The optimal concentration of MA was 0. 5 mmol • L"1. After treating with MA, the numbers of cortical neurons decreased, the length of synapses became shorter, and the cell vacuolation, the number of dead cells increased. The optimal concentration of gastrodin was 25 mg • L'1, and the optimal concentration of melatonin was 10 jimol • L"1. Gastrodin treatment could reduce the apoptosis of cortical neurons induced by MA, and the expression of Caspase-3 decreased as well, and there was no significant difference compared with the intervention effect of gastrodin with melatonin. Conclusions MA has neurotoxic damage to cortical neurons. Gastrodin could attenuate MA-in-duced neurotoxicity via alleviating the apoptosis induced by MA.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the curative mechanism and effect of neurotoxicity injury induced by methamphetamine (MA) and the neuroprotective effects of gastrodin interfered. Whether the expression of astrocyte and proinflammatory cytokines has contributed to the effects of gastrodin.Methods 48 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (Daily intraperitoneal injection of saline for 8 weeks),MA group (A dose of 10 mg/kg MA was administered every day for four weeks,then given daily intraperitoneal injection with 10 mg/kg saline for 4 weeks) and gastrodin group (A dose of 10 mg/kg MA was administered every day for four weeks,then given daily intraperitoneal injection with 10 mg/kg gastrodin for 4weeks) . The behavioral changes of rats were measured by conditioned place preference ( CPP) and sterotyped behavior ( SB) induced by methamphetamine. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and NEUN in rat frontal cortex.The expression of IL－6 and TNF－α were detected by quantity RT－PCR and westrn bloting.Results Compa MA depndent 4 weeks group with control group, the scores of sterotyped behavior of MA depndent groups had signficantly increased (P＜0.01) . Comparing MA depndent 4 weeks group with MA depndent 4 weeks+gastrodin group, the scores of sterotyped behavior of MA dependent 4 weeks group had obviously decreaseed (P＜0.01) . Compared with the control group, the expression of GFAP of MA dependent 4 weeks group decreased and the expression of NEUN increased. Compared MA dependent 4 weeks group with control group, the expression of IL－ 6 and TNF－α increased (P＜0.01) . Compared MA dependent 4 weeks+gastrodian group with MA dependent 4 weeks group, the expression of TNF－α and IL－6 significantly reduced (P＜0.01) . Conclusion The neurological damage induced by methamphetamine might be related to the activation of astrocytes and the high expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL－6 and TNF－α. Gastrodin could abate the neurological injury of methamphetamine dependence via reducing the activation of astrocytes and decreasing the expression of IL－6 and TNF－α.